Mechanical engineering is the broadest of the engineering disciplines, and traces its origins to antiquity. The discipline of mechanical engineering involves anything that moves or uses energy. There are two major stems in mechanical engineering: mechanical systems and thermal fluid systems. Mechanical engineers design, build, and analyze complex devices, systems, and processes that involve the conversion of energy from one form to another, the production of work, and the transport of energy and mass from one location to another.
Today, the scope of the mechanical engineering discipline is ever-expanding. Mechanical engineers work in industries that include, but are not limited to, the aerospace, bio-pharmaceutical, civil, computer and cyber, biomedical, industrial, materials and manufacturing industries. They provide innovative solutions for contemporary problems and address problems yet identified. For example, 3-D printed components are readily being used in manufactured components, as part of medical implants and devices and even in structural applications. The mechanical performance of the components will likely vary dramatically from the ideal laboratory environment in which they were produced. Mechanical engineers are needed to characterize these aggressive environments in which they may be used, design test matrices to study their performance, and determine environmentally-based mechanical properties needed for design.
The Mechanical Engineering, BS is designed to support the goal of educating leaders for the future – men and women capable of meeting the needs of society. The curriculum is designed to provide its graduates with the technical skills and competencies to analyze and design both mechanical and thermal systems, and to give them an in-depth experience in one of these two areas. With a solid foundation in these discipline-specific areas, graduates of the program will be well-prepared to enter any of the industries identified above. All students will take core courses in both content areas through their junior year. During their senior year, they will have the opportunity to focus their program of study with four technical electives. These electives can be used to obtain a degree concentration in areas such as aerospace, robotics, or microfabrication.
Department Faculty
Professors
Cummings, Handler, Kathir, Terpenny
Associate Professors
McCue-Weil (Chair)
Assistant Professors
Amiri, Bagheri, Beheshti, Dong, Eshete, Kang, Moran, Sanders, Shishika, White
Instructors
Berg
Research Professors
Hazelrigg
Affiliated Professors
Cebral, Duggleby, Johri, Jones, Nowzari
Adjunct Instructors
Aksoy, Booker, Chimakurthi, Cho, Furey, Gallo, Kelley, Kwon, Lisse, Lovenbury, Marino, Meholic, Mirhashemi, Rankin, Shahba, Siragusa, Tomaszek, Wohnsigl
Mechanical Engineering (ME)
100 Level Courses
Required Prerequisites: ((CS 109C, 112C, 112XS or ENGR 125T) and (ENGH 100C, 100XS, 101C, 101XS, HNRS 110C or 110XS)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
200 Level Courses
Required Prerequisites: ((PHYS 160C or 160XS) and (MATH 114C, 114XS, 116C or 116XS)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ENGR 210C, CEIE 210C, 210XS, ME 211C or 211XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ((PHYS 160C or 160XS) and (PHYS 161C or 161XS) and (MATH 114C, 114XS, 116C or 116XS)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 211C, 211XS, CEIE 210C or 210XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
300 Level Courses
Required Prerequisites: ME 212C or 212XS.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ((((CHEM 211C or 211XS) and (CHEM 213C or 213XS)) or (CHEM 251C or 251XS) or ((CHEM 271C or 271XS) and (CHEM 272C or 272XS))) and (ME 212C, 212XS, BENG 230C, 230XS, CEIE 310C or L310)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Bioengineering or Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 322C or 322XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 221C or 221XS) and (ME 231C or 231XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 322C or 322XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ECE 330C or 330XS.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 212C, 212XS, CEIE 310C or L310C).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 221C or 221XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ((ME 151C or 151XS) and (MATH 214C, 214XS, 216C, 216XS or U214C)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior, Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ((ME 212C or 212XS) and (ME 221C or 221XS) and (ME 231C or 231XS)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
400 Level Courses
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engr, Electrical Engineering or Mechanical Engineering.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ME 323C or BENG 230C.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior Plus, Junior, Senior Plus or Senior.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 313C or 313XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 313C or 313XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 323C or 323XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (CS 112C, 109C or ENGR 125T) and ME 322C.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior Plus, Junior, Senior Plus or Senior.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ME 322C or BENG 230C.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior Plus, Junior, Senior Plus or Senior.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (PHYS 260C or 260XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Civil and Infrastructure Engr, Environmental Engineering, Electrical Engineering or Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 351C or 351XS) and (ECE 285C, 285XS, 330C or 330XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 212C, 313C and 323C and (((ME 341C or 342C) and ME 351C) or CS 367C)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Applied Computer Science or Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ME 443C or 443XS.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 351C or 351XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisite: ME 151C.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ME 443*C or 443*XS.
* May be taken concurrently.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior Plus, Junior, Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Bioengineering, Civil and Infrastructure Engr or Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisite: ME 313C.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (CHEM 211XS, 211C, 271XS or 271C).
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
C Requires minimum grade of C.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 231C or 231XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering or Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 231C or 231XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering or Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 221C or 221XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ((ME 212C or 212XS) and (ME 322C or 322XS)).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 475C or 475XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: (ME 221C or 221XS).
C Requires minimum grade of C.
XS Requires minimum grade of XS.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior Plus or Senior.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Mechanical Engineering.
Students with the terminated from CEC major attribute may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Undergraduate Regular scale.
500 Level Courses
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Special scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus or Senior Plus.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate, Non-Degree or Undergraduate level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate, Non-Degree or Undergraduate level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate, Non-Degree or Undergraduate level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate, Non-Degree or Undergraduate level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Satisfactory/No Credit scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
600 Level Courses
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate, Non-Degree or Undergraduate level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Required Prerequisites: ME 631B-, ECE 521B-, CS 580B- and CYSE 550B-.
B- Requires minimum grade of B-.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate, Junior Plus, Non-Degree or Senior Plus.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
700 Level Courses
Enrollment is limited to Graduate or Non-Degree level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate or Non-Degree level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment is limited to Graduate or Non-Degree level students.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the College of Science, Engineering Computing or Schar School of Policy and Gov colleges.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy, Graduate or Non-Degree.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Graduate Regular scale.
900 Level Courses
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy or Graduate.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Satisfactory/No Credit scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy or Graduate.
This course is graded on the Satisfactory/No Credit scale.
Enrollment limited to students with a class of Advanced to Candidacy or Graduate.
Students in a Non-Degree Undergraduate degree may not enroll.
This course is graded on the Satisfactory/No Credit scale.